





The Cottage Nursing Home delivers quality care packages to adults with specialist residential and nursing needs.
All of the care is tailored and personalised, including respite, convalescent and palliative care, for those living with dementia and other care needs.
Residents are welcome to personalise their rooms, with rooms available for both dual and single occupancy.
Care Provided by The Cottage Nursing Home
Primary Care Categories
- Older Person Care
- Dementia
- Learning Disability / Autism
- Mental Health Condition
- Physical Disability
- Visual / Hearing Impairment
- Eating Disorders
Length of Stay
- Permanent Care
- Respite Care
Care Types Provided
- Residential Care
- Nursing Care
- Dementia Residential Care
- Dementia Nursing Care
- For a maximum of 33 Service Users
Dementia Care Types
- Mild Dementia
- Moderate Dementia
Other Care Provided
- Parkinson's Disease
- Stroke
- Palliative / End of Life Care
- COPD/Pulmonary Disease
- Convalescent Care
Facilities
- Own Furniture if required
- Pet Friendly (or by arrangement)
- Smoking not permitted
- Close to Local shops
- Near Public Transport
- Lift
- Wheelchair Access
- Ground Floor Accommodation only
- Gardens
- Bar/Café
- Phone Point in own room
- Television point in own room
- Residents Internet Access
Funding & Fees
Weekly Charges per Person
The Cottage Nursing Home undertake to provide accommodation, food, light, heat, laundry and all the necessary personal care as would normally be required by a Service User of a Care Home.
The price(s) shown are provided by the care home. Contact The Cottage Nursing Home for full pricing details and T&Cs.
Contact The Cottage Nursing Home to confirm what's included and get a personalised quote:
Funding Types Accepted
- Self-Funding (Private)
- Local Authority with Top-up
- Local Authority
- NHS Continuing Healthcare (CHC)
Support you may be entitled to
- If you choose a care home based in England, you may be eligible for NHS Funded Nursing Care (FNC), which helps cover the cost of nursing. This is worth £267.68 per week and is usually paid directly to the care home.
Good to Know
Owner
- Acepay Ltd
- Private Owned
Person in charge
- Tinu Rajan (Manager)
Local Authority / Social Services
Admission Information
- Mixed (no single-gender units)
- Ages 65+
Care Home Design/Build
- Purpose Built: Yes
- Last Refurbishment: 2019
- Number of floors: 2
Room Information
- Single Rooms (21)
- Couples/Companion Rooms (6)
- Single Rooms with ensuite Wet Room (2)
Parking
- The Cottage Nursing Home has a small carpark located at the front of the home.
The Cottage Nursing Home Reviews (38)
The Cottage Nursing Home has a Review Score of 9.9 (9.865) out of 10, based on 36 reviews in the last 2 years.
Over all time The Cottage Nursing Home has 38 reviews.
The home is excellent never had a problem my nan has been in the home 8 years now.The care is brilliant they look after my nan really well.They go beyond the measures to help out all the time. The manager and staff communicate really well with you. My nan has been newly diagnosed with dementia...
The home is excellent never had a problem my nan has been in the home 8 years now.The care is brilliant they look after my nan really well.They go beyond the measures to help out all the time. The manager and staff communicate really well with you. My nan has been newly diagnosed with dementia which has been hard and the home been really supportive trying there best to help and put things into place for her.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us. Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home
My overall experience of my dear friends lovely mom staying at this care home is really good. The staff are very friendly and accommodating, they always go above and beyond. It is really clean throughout. The care my friends mom receives is dealt with compassion and thoughtfulness, and always...
My overall experience of my dear friends lovely mom staying at this care home is really good. The staff are very friendly and accommodating, they always go above and beyond. It is really clean throughout. The care my friends mom receives is dealt with compassion and thoughtfulness, and always respects her dignity. Therefore, this has given the family reassurance that their mom and nan is being well looked after but especially when addressing dementia as the staff are very attentive to her needs They are one of a kind, such a loving and caring family and their loved one's wellbeing is paramount, so it is comforting to know she is in safe hands.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us. Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home.
My mother was welcomed into The Cottage Nursing Home from 7th May to 9th June for respite care while I, her daughter and main carer, had surgery. The staff were amazing! They are friendly, professional, kind and caring. They all did their best to make my Mom, who was 95 years old (now 96) feel...
My mother was welcomed into The Cottage Nursing Home from 7th May to 9th June for respite care while I, her daughter and main carer, had surgery. The staff were amazing! They are friendly, professional, kind and caring. They all did their best to make my Mom, who was 95 years old (now 96) feel comfortable and safe. The food was nutritious and tasty and if Mom changed her mind about what she wanted to eat they did their best to accommodate her. They maintained her fluid intake scrupulously with a variety of drinks and patiently helped her eat her meals when necessary. If she wanted extra snacks she only needed to ask. The accommodation was immaculately clean and all the protocols and procedures around safety and medication were strictly adhered to. They also worked hard to include her in all sorts of activities and facilitate time in the lounge with the other residents. Mom really enjoyed her time there and wants to return for further respite care when I have my second surgery if poss.
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Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
The manager was exceptional-always available if we had any questions or needed...
The manager was exceptional-always available if we had any questions or needed anything, and regularly visited residents in their rooms to check on their wellbeing. It was reassuring to see such a hands-on approach and genuine compassion. The staff were kind, patient, and professional, always treating her with dignity and respect. The food was good , her room was spacious, clean, and very comfortable, and the overall atmosphere was warm and friendly. Leaving a loved one in someone else's care is never easy, but this is a place you can truly trust. We had complete peace of mind knowing my fiend mum was being looked after so well. I would highly recommend this care home to anyone looking for excellent care for their loved one.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
My mom and dad are residents at the care home they are well looked after very clean staff are always happy and they do really care, unfortunately my dad had passed away but the before and after care cant fault them. My mom is still in the care home and well looked after, if l was to go in a care...
My mom and dad are residents at the care home they are well looked after very clean staff are always happy and they do really care, unfortunately my dad had passed away but the before and after care cant fault them. My mom is still in the care home and well looked after, if l was to go in a care home then l would pick this one thank you to all the staff and manager.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Fantastic nursing home , can't praise enough. The carers and managers show how much they care make you feel like family. They really settled my nerves about care homes. And every member of staff go above and beyond for the residents and family's. I'm so lucky our mom is a resident. I can't thank...
Fantastic nursing home , can't praise enough. The carers and managers show how much they care make you feel like family. They really settled my nerves about care homes. And every member of staff go above and beyond for the residents and family's. I'm so lucky our mom is a resident. I can't thank you enough. The nursing home is so clearn and fresh smell where every you go.the activities are brilliant for all residents. Every member of staff have a great dementia awareness. I can't recommend this home enough and will never be able to put into words how grateful I am for the care and dignity you give my mom.thank you x
Thank you for sharing your heartfelt experience regarding the care we provide at Cottage. We are so glad when families share this feedback with us; it is incredibly important for our daily planning and gives us the opportunity to get better each day. We are able to provide person-centered care to...
Thank you for sharing your heartfelt experience regarding the care we provide at Cottage. We are so glad when families share this feedback with us; it is incredibly important for our daily planning and gives us the opportunity to get better each day. We are able to provide person-centered care to your family member because of your continuous support. Thank you to all the families who assist and involve themselves in our care planning as a team, helping to make Cottage a happy, caring home.
My sister has been in the home for about a month now. I have found that everyone has a very pleasant and obliging manner. They provide a caring, responsible, secure environment for her and everyone greets you with a smile. She now appears to be eating normally for the first time in about 5...
When I went today she was in the residents lounge and I think she was enjoying the company.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
I just want to say a big thank you to Manager Tinu, the carers, kitchen staff, cleaners, and entertainers. The Cottage is a beautiful care home and it is visible how much all the staff care about the home itself along with all residents. The home is a clean and welcoming environment. I can't...
Thank you,
Jennifer & Family.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Mom has Parkinson's dementia and other health issues that require a lot of attention and I feel that she is in the best place to receive this care. Looking after mom is challenging but I can see that the care team are trying their very best and are prepared to put in a lot of effort to give mom...
Mom has Parkinson's dementia and other health issues that require a lot of attention and I feel that she is in the best place to receive this care. Looking after mom is challenging but I can see that the care team are trying their very best and are prepared to put in a lot of effort to give mom the best care From my first visit I felt that there was a good vibe and the staff are very friendly and obliging .Thank you Tinu and all staff for all that you do for mom and your support for our family.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Highly recommend nursing home
Clean and food looks great
Mum in law has had better quality of care than her previous care home
Highly recommend nursing home
Clean and food looks great
Mum in law has had better quality of care than her previous care home
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
I would highly recommend The Cottage Nursing Home. My father is treated with the utmost care and dignity, its just like having an extended family. The staff always have time and a friendly face to greet you and address any concerns you may have they also recognise that its difficult for mum after...
I would highly recommend The Cottage Nursing Home. My father is treated with the utmost care and dignity, its just like having an extended family. The staff always have time and a friendly face to greet you and address any concerns you may have they also recognise that its difficult for mum after 63 years of marrige to be seperated from dad.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
My husband was admitted to The Cottage Nursing Home, Blakenall, Walsall in December 25. I have nothing but praise for this home. Management, nurses, carers, kitchen, laundry, maintenance crew, cleaners are so caring and so polite. I am content with my husband being cared for there.
My husband was admitted to The Cottage Nursing Home, Blakenall, Walsall in December 25. I have nothing but praise for this home. Management, nurses, carers, kitchen, laundry, maintenance crew, cleaners are so caring and so polite. I am content with my husband being cared for there.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
My elderly grandmother is very settled at The Cottage and is much happier than she was in a previous home and is engaging in the communal activities at the home. All the staff are friendly and attentive and it's clear that Nan gets on well with them. Care plans are readily accessible for residents...
They keep us well informed about Nan's wellbeing and genuinely care.
There is a lovely atmosphere in the home and it's clean and tidy. They are currently carrying maintenance work to update the interior.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
My Aunt has recently moved to this care home and I have visited her on two occasions so far. She has settled in very well and appears to be content. I have been impressed by the friendliness of the staff and the care they show to the residents and visitors. Since her relocation, my Aunt seems far...
My Aunt has recently moved to this care home and I have visited her on two occasions so far. She has settled in very well and appears to be content. I have been impressed by the friendliness of the staff and the care they show to the residents and visitors. Since her relocation, my Aunt seems far more alert and interested in what's going on around her. The lounge area is always full of activity and contributes to the welcoming atmosphere of the home. The staff seem to know the residents well and enjoy looking after them.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Staff are always very accomodating whenever we visit, always keeping us informed about ongoing care plans. All members of staff...
Staff are always very accomodating whenever we visit, always keeping us informed about ongoing care plans. All members of staff are friendly, professional, polite and make us feel very welcome (without exception)
The manager has a genuine compassion for his residents and treats them and ourselves as his extended family.Nothing is ever an issue and he goes above and beyond at all times.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Mom has only been at the Cottage Nursing home for 3 weeks having been placed at another home in the area by the Council. The difference is remarkable, from being bedridden and difficult to rouse during our daily visits to being up and alert. On the first full day she was treated by a chiropodist,...
The staff are friendly and attentive to both residents and their family visitors, and, it seems, nothing is too much trouble. Activities are available and dedicated staff are on hand to encourage and cajole those people, who are able, into joining in.
They don't have any agency staff, so the staff there are familiar with the residents and, just as important, the residents know them.
The right place for Mom.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .we able to provide person centred care to your family member because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
The service Mom is receiving from the Staff, from the Cleaner, Carers, Nurses & Management as been exceptionally, There have got things done for mom, that was promised by several nursing professionals for over 6 months and never got done, they have been done and fully dealt with in 3 days thanks to...
From the nursing care, friendliness, cleanliness and efficiency of manager, for making us all feel part of a large family where nothing is to much trouble. I would highly recommend to family & friends with no hesitation.
A Big Thankyou to them all, for making Mom's stay as comfortable as you possible can.
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .We able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .We able to provide person centred care to your mother because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Nothing is to much for the carers or the management to make sure the residents are cared for, comfortable and extremely well looked after.
It is a noticeable...
Nothing is to much for the carers or the management to make sure the residents are cared for, comfortable and extremely well looked after.
It is a noticeable difference from her previous experience within the care system
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .We able to provide person centred...
Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day .We able to provide person centred care to your mother because of your continuous assistance with us . Thank you for all families who assisting and involving in planning our care as a team to make Cottage a happy caring Home .
Professional care was given in a kind, reliable way with...
Professional care was given in a kind, reliable way with attention to needs and provision of support as necessary. increasing as required over the years. Many of the staff have been employed for a number of years so continuity of care was good. To aid this also recently a full complement of staff are employed, so agency staff are not required. They work as team with good communication between staff and relatives who are part of the decision making process.
Skin integrity, maintenance of good wholesome meals and regular fluids in addition to care by the local GP who visits weekly are routine
Excellent activities are coordinated e.g. crayoning, seed planting, visits of musicians, singers and all the festivals celebrated in the home together.
Joyce, Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day . We will miss a lot Mr R for...
Joyce, Thank you for expressing heart filled your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage , we are soo glad that each families informing us this feed backs, it is very important in our daily planning and the opportunity to us be get better each day . We will miss a lot Mr R for ever because he is our family member, but we have his plenty of great memories that stays with us . Cottage is always Mr R home , please visit us when ever you could and doors always open for you .
My uncle was a resident at The Cottage for over 14 years until he recently passed away. I only have positive things to say about the management and staff. My Uncle felt as if he was at home at The Cottage and they were his family in many ways. We were kept well informed about him, and felt...
My uncle was a resident at The Cottage for over 14 years until he recently passed away. I only have positive things to say about the management and staff. My Uncle felt as if he was at home at The Cottage and they were his family in many ways. We were kept well informed about him, and felt involved in every major decision.
The Cottage is clean and tidy, and put on great activities for the residents. I made many surprise visits and they were always up to the standards I would expect. I did not taste the food, so I cannot comment on that, but I am sure it was acceptable.
Well done to the team.
Thank for expressing your own experience about the care that we providing in Cottage .Our goal is always to deliver the best care that we possibly provide to our own family members ,I can confirm to you that we are missing your Uncle a lot as a family that will always stays with us and we are very glad that Cottage was a big part of your Uncle life Journey.
Regulatory Rating
Care Quality Commission (CQC) Rating
Date: 08 January 2020Good
- CaringGood
- EffectiveGood
- ResponsiveGood
- SafeGood
- Well-ledRequires improvement
Inspection ratings
We rate most services according to how safe, effective, caring, responsive and well-led they are, using four levels:
- Outstanding - The service is performing exceptionally well.
- Good - The service is performing well and meeting our expectations.
- Requires Improvement - The service isn't performing as well as it should and we have told the service how it must improve.
- Inadequate - The service is performing badly and we've taken action against the person or organisation that runs it.
- Not rated - we have not yet rated this area of the service, this is normally because the assessments we have carried out have been focused on other key questions.
Bed Vacancies
Please contact us for latest vacancies.
News (0) & Events (0)
There are no news items for The Cottage Nursing Home.
There are no upcoming events for The Cottage Nursing Home.
Awards / Recognitions (0)
There are currently no awards/recognitions posted yet for The Cottage Nursing Home.
Accreditations
There are no accreditations posted yet for The Cottage Nursing Home.
Meet the Team (1)

Mr Tinu Rajan is the registered manager for The Cottage Nursing Home.
Frequently Asked Questions about The Cottage Nursing Home
What types of Care is The Cottage Nursing Home registered for?
Older Person Care, Dementia, Learning Disability / Autism, Mental Health Condition, Physical Disability, Visual / Hearing Impairment, Eating Disorders are the registered (by the Care Quality Commission) categories of Care.
How many Rooms does The Cottage Nursing Home have?
There are 21 Single Rooms and 6 Couples/Companion Rooms.
What are the Facilities & Services at The Cottage Nursing Home?
Own Furniture if required, Pet Friendly (or by arrangement), Smoking not permitted, Close to Local shops, Near Public Transport, Lift, Wheelchair Access, Ground Floor Accommodation only, Gardens, Bar/Café, Phone Point in own room, Television point in own room, Residents Internet Access are some of the Facilities & Services.
How far is The Cottage Nursing Home to the centre of Walsall?
2.2 mile(s) as the crow flies, distance by road may be significantly further.
Information on this page is displayed without responsibility for its accuracy on the part of carehome.co.uk. Please contact The Cottage Nursing Home to verify any information. View our terms and conditions. The Cottage Nursing Home has an Enhanced Service -what an Enhanced Service includes.